Lack of Increased Cardiovascular Risk due to Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Left-Sided Heart Disease

Abstract

Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Left-sided heart disease (LHD) is a potentially important confounder of this association because it is strongly linked to both TR and clinical outcome. We studied 5,886 patients who were followed for a period of 10years after the index echocardiographic examination. The relationship between TR severity and the end point of admission for heart failure or cardiovascular mortality was analyzed using competing risk analysis, Cox model, and propensity score matching. Higher TR grade was associated with markers of LHD including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, valvular heart disease≥moderate, left atrial enlargement, and pulmonary hypertension (all P<.001). There was a significant interaction between TR and the presence of LHD with regard to the end point of heart failure in the competing risks model (P=.01) and the combined end point of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality (P=.02). In both models, moderate/severe TR was associated with higher risk for heart failure (hazard ratio [HR]=3.10; 95% CI, 1.41-6.84; P= .005) and the combined end point of heart failure or cardiovascular mortality (HR=2.75; 95% CI, 1.33-5.63, P=.006) only in patients without LHD. Propensity score matching yielded 350 patient pairs, of which 88% had LHD. The HR for heart failure or cardiovascular mortality at 10years was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.56-1.08; P=.14) in the moderate/severe TR group as compared with the trivial/mild TR. Moderate or severe functional TR portends an increased risk for heart failure and cardiovascular mortality only when isolated, without concomitant LHD.