Abstract
This study confirmed the absence of natural infection with Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) or XMRV-related disease in human populations of the Brazilian Amazon basin. We demonstrated that 803 individuals of both sexes, who were residents of Belem in the Brazilian State of Pará, were not infected with XMRV. Individuals were divided into 4 subgroups: healthy individuals, individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), individuals infected with human T-lymphotrophic virus, types 1 or 2 (HTLV-1/2), and individuals with prostate cancer. XMRV infection was investigated by nested PCR to detect the viral gag gene and by quantitative PCR to detect pol. There was no amplification of either gag or pol segments from XRMV in any of the samples examined. This study supports the conclusions of the studies that eventually led to the retraction of the original study reporting the association between XMRV and human diseases.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONXenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was first identified by Urisman et al.[1], who studied the correlation between XMRV infection and the R462Q mutation of the ribonuclease L (RNase L) antiviral protein in familiallinked cases of prostate cancer (PC)
This study confirmed the absence of natural infection with Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) or XMRV-related disease in human populations of the Brazilian Amazon basin
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus proteins were detected in 4.2% of Japanese people infected with human T-lymphotrophic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1), this result may have been an artifact of the high degree of similarity between gp[21] in HTLV-1 and p15E in XMRV
Summary
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was first identified by Urisman et al.[1], who studied the correlation between XMRV infection and the R462Q mutation of the ribonuclease L (RNase L) antiviral protein in familiallinked cases of prostate cancer (PC). Potential confounding factors include: a) the difficulty of reproducing results obtained for both the general population and patients with PC or CFS; b) the origin of the virus in relation to endogenous murine leukemia virus; c) the contamination of human blood and tissue samples with murine deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); and d) the contamination of commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagents with potential sources of false-positive results[12,13,14]. The present study aimed to determine the presence or absence of natural XMRV infection in human populations in the Amazon and its potential associations with diseases
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