Lack of Critical Approach in the Hate Speech Research as Ideological Practice in Indonesia

Abstract

Hate speech is a global phenomenon that surge in almost all countries in the last few years. This, for one thing, is triggered by the presence of social media, so people tend to express their feelings directly without thinking much. The high political tension also makes it easy for hate speech to be expressed and become viral. In Indonesia itself, it is not uncommon for ethnicity, religion, race, and inter-group relations issues to color the phenomenon of hate speech. So far, this article is a systematic review of hate speech research in Indonesia as it aims to map research trends on hate speech, starting from the main topics discussed, to several methodological issues. Data were analyzed using the CALL (computerassisted language learning) approach, by utilizing the NVivo 12 application combined with Lancs Box 6.0. The article data was taken from all DOAJ and Google Scholar-indexed articles in Indonesian. There are at least 44 articles related to hate speech in Indonesia that have been researched by previous researchers from various scientific disciplines, ranging from communication sciences, education, languages, computers, law, and religion. From all the articles reviewed systematically, it can be seen that the phenomenon of hate speech in Indonesia has a close relationship with a variety of social life which is quite complex. However, among the existing studies, the application of a critical approach is still very limited in the context of the hate speech phenomenon. This fact is due to the fact that the understanding of hate speech in Indonesia has so far been seen as personal whereas hate speech itself is very ideological.