Abstract
Clamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci) has been proposed to be an etiologic factor in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in the ocular adnexa. However, the pathogenetical significance of the infection has not been fully elucidated. Many previous studies have shown controversial results regarding C. psittaci detection rates in said patients, ranging from 0 to 87%. We investigated the presence of C. psittaci in a single institutional cohort (n = 150) of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (OAML) patients in Korea. We tried to exclude the methodological biases derived from the different primer sets in polymerase chain reaction-based studies. For that reason, we applied five sets of primers, including four previously reported and one newly designed primer set. There was no case of C. psittaci-positive OAML in repeated trials validated with appropriate positive and negative controls. All 150 cases showed negative results with five primer sets. These results suggest that the pathogenetic role of C. psittaci in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma might have been overestimated to date, at least in the Korean population. Therefore, the molecular diagnosis of C. psittaci is considered a very low priority.
Highlights
Unlike other types of lymphoma, MALT lymphomas are caused by prolonged chronic inflammation that results from infection, autoimmunity, or other unknown stimuli
Many other lymphoma entities have been found to be related to infectious agents, but the idea that chronic inflammation due to infection drives the lymphocyte transformation and development of MALT lymphoma has been thoroughly investigated
ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (OAML) has been described in the context of chronic conjunctivitis, which can be associated with Chlamydia infection [9]
Summary
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a low-grade lymphoma that originates in heterogeneous marginal zone small. MALT lymphoma involves conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue, and it is the most common type of lymphoma in this organ. The incidence of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (OAML) is continuously increasing; the annual increase is more than 6% [1]. Unlike other types of lymphoma, MALT lymphomas are caused by prolonged chronic inflammation that results from infection, autoimmunity, or other unknown stimuli. It is widely known that a predominant association of gastric MALT lymphoma with
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