Abstract

Santhanam et al. [1] have stated that the main advantage of prokaryotic laccases stems from their potentially easy expression in Escherichia coli, implying the absolute need for optimizing laccase enzyme activity by genetic engineering strategies and the use of heterologous expression hosts, thereby making the costs prohibitive. Fermentation-based processes (submerged and solid-state fermentation) with laccases from fungal sources [(four copper atoms – CuT1 – a binding site for the reducing substrate) and trinuclear copper cluster T2/T3 (three copper atoms – an oxygen binding site for its subsequent reduction to water)] [2] may serve to offset the costs (bioprocess economics) of enzyme production and purification, because the substrates that have been used are renewable, cost-effective and nonpolluting agro-waste products [3,4].

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