Abstract
Jet grouting is one of the most widely applied soil improvement techniques. It is suitable for most geotechnical problems, including improving bearing capacity, decreasing settlement, forming seals, and stabilizing slopes. One of the difficulties faced by designers is determining the strength and geometry of elements created using this method. Jet grouted soil-cement columns in soil are a complicated issue because they are dependent on a number of parameters such as soil type, grout and water flow rate, rotation and lifting speed of monitor, nozzle jetting force, and water to cement ratio of slurry. This paper discusses the effect of the water-cement ratio on the physical and mechanical characteristics of soilcrete. In the laboratory, sandy soil mixed with cement grout with water-cement ratio varies from (0.7:1 to 1.4:1). To evaluate the characteristics of soilcrete, 96 specimens were prepared in the laboratory and tested at different curing times. The results indicate that the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of soilcrete decreases with increasing the (W/C) ratio of the grout, where the soilcrete strength of W/C ratio of 0.7 is higher about 237% of W/C ratio of 1.4 at 28-day; the evolution of the (UCS) is proportional to the logarithm of the curing time; the ratio between the modulus of elasticity (Etg50) to the maximum UCS varies from 113 to 175; when the water-cement ratio increases, the dry density of soilcrete decreases, as a result, the (USC) of soilcrete decreases.
Highlights
The Jet Grouting technique is one of the soil improvement techniques
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the water-cement ratio on the uniaxial compressive strength of the soilcrete specimens made in the laboratory simulating jet grouting
The Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) decreases with increasing the (W/C) ratio with a linear relationship ( R2 = 0.69), as shown in Eq (3): qu = -5.3537(W/C) + 12.057 (3)
Summary
The Jet Grouting technique is one of the soil improvement techniques. It is a technique where the injection of a fluid jet produces structural elements of soil-cement with different geometries (columns, panels, slabs) with high energy, promoting the disintegration, mixing, and partial replacement of the soil by a cementitious agent. Compared to other soil improvement techniques, the Jet Grouting technique has greater flexibility of applicability. It can be used successfully in various types of soils, from clayey to sandy, with high or low permeability (Pearlman, 1998, Giménez, 2004). The amount of cement in the improved soil has a significant impact on its strength. Decreasing the grout's water-cement ratio results in an increase in strength and hardening time. KUTZNER, 1996 reported a 50% increase in compressive strength when the water-cement ratio of the injected grout was reduced from 1.5 to 1. Field and laboratory testing have established a relationship between the improved soil's compressive strength and the water-cement ratio (Lunardi, 1997). The relation between the W/C ratio and uniaxial compressive strength is shown in the following equations for 0.6 < wcr < 1.4: fc=7+8.1(wcr) (Jet grouted sand)
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