Abstract
Defining soil behavioral parameters, which eventually results in predicting every short-term and long-term soil behavior, has continually been one of the interests of soil mechanics and has been of exceptional value. To this end, in this study, a novel method has been reviewed to determine the compressive behavior of fine-grained soils in the laboratory and the field, without sampling by the patented electronic device. In the lab, homogeneous materials of the intended soil underwent the compaction test, mechanical and physical tests, direct shear test, and impacts of the innovative rebound hammer in the horizontal and vertical directions in the test-box. The impact shear waves produce resistance and voltage output by force and dislocation sensors with high-sensitivity proportional to the pressure based on the soil surface stiffness. The obtained voltages are then converted to digital by an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller. Next, a number is shown on display by the "CodeVision" program. Then, by solving a quasi-dynamic equation (Viscoelastic spring-damper model) by MATLAB software and with the aid of laboratory-field results and correlation equations, a fitting connection between all effective mechanical soil parameters has been estimated to an acceptable extent. The effective mechanical parameters of the soil include the compaction percentage, specific gravity, and frequency of the system in the damped and non-damped states, the energy imposed on the soil, and the plastic stage strain in the range of less than 15% humidity. The results determine that increased hammering numbers are directly related to increased soil compaction and stiffness. In more detail, the reading of hammer numbers less than 2 corresponds to compaction of less than 75%, while the reading of hammer numbers greater than 3 in the vertical and 2.94 in the horizontal directions on clay surfaces designates compaction of 90%.
Highlights
La definición de parámetros de comportamiento del suelo, que eventualmente resulta en predecir cada comportamiento del suelo a corto y largo plazo, ha sido continuamente uno de los intereses de la mecánica del suelo y ha sido de un valor excepcional
Obtaining soil behavioral parameters, including elastic modulus, specific gravity, compaction percentage, stiffness, energy imposed on the soil, and others, depends on the accurate determination of the stated parameters
In 2014, Swiss researchers compared parameters like the Poisson's ratio, present vertical stresses, elastic modulus, specific gravity, and other practical coefficients regarding the elastic behavior of the soil, using the Boussinesq's stress distribution method at a 30 to 70cm depth through numerical analysis and field studies, employing the method of transferring vertical stresses by agricultural machine tires in situ (Dos, Brajaw, 2008)
Summary
Several soil behavioral parameters are achieved throughout laboratory or field operations. The general objectives of the research and the purpose of inventing the rebound hammer: (A) Decreasing the costs of geotechnical and field studies in the laboratory and field, (B) Determining the mechanical behavior parameters in high-sensitivity unsaturated clay soils, (C) Diminishing the human and device errors to learn the practical parameters in the laboratory and field, (D) Improving the precision of the output results of soil resistance factors by employing soil mechanics and electronic systems and sensors (NDT non-destructive tests) in electronic science, (E) Defining and measuring pivotal parameters in soil dynamic and static loads, such as soil cohesion, compaction percentage, specific gravity, stiffness, energy imposed on the soil and moisture percentage at different levels and with higher accuracy and sensitivity than in theoretical and empirical relationships. 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 weight of the container, and dry 58.5 57.5 46.3 75.0 49.0 83.8 80.4 40.4 sample (gr)
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