Laboratory persistence in soil of thiacloprid, pendimethalin and fenarimol incubated with treated wastewater and dissolved organic matter solutions. Contribution of soil biota

Abstract

Reutilization of treated wastewater (TWW) in agriculture has continued to grow, especially in areas prone to frequent drought periods. One of the major aspects derived from this practice is the addition of important amounts of organic carbon (OC) that could interfere with the fate of organic contaminants in soils. This study has evaluated the impact of irrigation with a secondary TWW and dissolved OC (DOC) solutions from sewage sludge in the dissipation of thiacloprid (THC), pendimethalin (PDM) and fenarimol (FEN) in an OC-poor agricultural soil under laboratory conditions. The effect on soil microbial activity was also assessed through the measurement of dehydrogenase activity. Biotic processes were the main responsible for the degradation of the three compounds. Results showed that while THC was rapidly degraded (DT50 ≤ 5.5 d), PDM and FEN were moderately persistent in soil (DT50 ≥ 93 d). Incubation with TWW did not modify the decay rate of the three pesticides, but initially inhibited soil biota. Solutions of DOC did not alter the dissipation of FEN, but contrasting effects were observed for THC and PDM. Low DOC concentrations (30 mg L−1) accelerated THC disappearance, a fact explained by stimulation of endogenous biota rather than by the presence of exogenous microorganisms from the solution. On the other hand, high DOC concentrations (300 mg L−1) had more influence on the activity of microorganisms at longer times, and showed a trend to enhance the disappearance of the moderately persistent PDM.