Abstract
Doppler measurements can help to discriminate between waves and bubbles as mechanisms for surface backscattering. However, the analysis depends on knowledge of the near‐surface dynamics. Wind‐wave measurements of wave height versus time in a laboratory flume indicate that conventional linear wave models are not adequate at the higher wave numbers involved. Frequency autospectra have F−3 asymptotic dependence (compared to F−5 for the Pierson‐Moskowitz spectrum) and cross spectra show nearly dispersionless downwind propagation. the speed increasing with wind speed. The F−3 spectral dependence appears to be due to an effective discontinuity of slope at the wave fronts caused by the finite‐amplitude overtaking effect. Backscattering calculations based on a nonlinear wave model similar to that used for convective turbulence are in fair agreement with flume measurements.
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