Laboratory experiments on the effects of variable suspended sediment concentrations on the ecophysiology of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes elongatus (Milne Edwards, 1837)

Abstract

The porcelain crab Petrolisthes elongatus is a particulate suspension feeding species common to coastal areas of New Zealand (NZ). Consistent with the responses of other suspension feeding species, it is likely to be negatively influenced by elevated suspended sediment concentrations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of temperature (12 °C, 15 °C and 18 °C) and suspended sediment concentration (total particulate matter (TPM): low < 100 mg L − 1 ; medium 100–1000 mg L − 1 ; high > 1000 mg L − 1 ) on the clearance rate (CR in L h − 1 ), oxygen uptake rate (VO 2 in mL h −1), net absorption efficiency (AE), and net energy budget (NEB in J h − 1 ) of P. elongatus across a range of sizes. Variation in CR and AE was independent of temperature and of body size, but were significantly different ( P < 0.05) at low and medium suspended sediment concentrations compared with high suspended sediment concentrations. CR responded in a non-linear manner to changes in TPM, increasing with TPM up to a maximum value at medium-low concentrations (approximately 250 mg L − 1 ) and then decreasing thereafter. CR had almost completely shut down at TPM concentrations of > 1000 mg L − 1 and at particulate organic matter (POM) concentrations of > 250 mg L − 1 . AE was zero at approximate TPM and POM values of 1200 mg L − 1 and 300 mg L − 1 , respectively. VO 2 was positively correlated with body size and with temperature, but was independent of TPM. NEB values for P. elongatus were low (approx 110 J g − 1 h − 1 ) at low sediment concentrations, were high (approx 320 J g − 1 h − 1 ) at medium sediment concentrations, and were negative (approx − 114 J g − 1 h − 1 ) at high sediment concentrations. These findings indicate that P. elongatus is likely to be food-limited at sediment concentrations of < 100 mg L − 1 , and severely negatively affected at sediment concentrations of > 1000 mg L − 1 , at least for the duration of such events which may persist for 2–3 days in coastal environments where this crab occurs.