Laboratory evaluation of spawning substrate type on potential egg predation by round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)

Abstract

Spawning habitat structure may protect demersal eggs of broadcast spawning species from depredation. Egg predation by round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is commonly referenced as a concern associated with their invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Whereas nest-building species have received some attention in egg predation studies, broadcast spawning species may be particularly vulnerable as they do not guard their eggs. This study used a 2 × 7 factorial experiment to investigate how substrate characteristics influenced the rate that fertilized eggs are lost when exposed to round goby. Eggs for two recreationally important broadcast spawning species, northern pike (Esox lucius) and muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), were placed within spawning habitat treatments (bare, silt, sand, rubble, gravel, filamentous algae, and submerged aquatic vegetation) representing a range (least to most complex) of habitat complexity. Regardless of substrate type, egg loss was similar between the two esocid species. Across all substrates and species, the number of eggs lost varied two-fold over the 24-hour experiment, with the lowest rate of egg loss observed in the most complex substrate (submerged aquatic vegetation) and the highest over the least complex substrates (bare and silt). Both northern pike and muskellunge are known to spawn over structurally complex submerged aquatic vegetation and filamentous algae. Although eggs spawned over these substrates likely offer some protection from predation, eggs that settle over less complex ancillary habitats may face higher predation risk.