Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can induce in humans a severe multisystem syndrome associated with fever, shock, and hemorrhages. In absence of specific clinical symptoms, physicians need a rapid and reliable diagnosis to reinforce the measures of safety (barrier nursing), and possibly to initiate quickly a suitable antiviral treatment. Equally, a differential diagnosis with other agents responsible of hemorrhagic fevers according to epidemiological features has to be undertaken [18, 51]. The usual approach for CCHF diagnosis combines the detection of the viral RNA genome and/or the antigen and the detection of specific IgM antibodies in human serum or blood. Therefore diagnosis is hampered by the problems of handling suspected specimens which require the highest levels of biological containment. Unfortunately in many endemic areas, laboratory capacities are limited and there is no possibility to detect quickly a CCHFV infection.
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