Abstract

In the laboratory, virgin females of snow crab ( Chionoecetes opilio) were placed singly with one or two males to investigate mating behavior. Physiologically mature males, both adolescent (i.e., chelae undifferentiated) and adult (i.e., che lae differentiated), mated with females. Typically, matings comprised a precopulatory period, one or more copulations, and a postcopulatory period during which the female extruded eggs. Some females copulated after oviposition. In noncompetitive mating, adult males of 40-60 mm carapace width had repeated but brief copulations, while adult males of 120-140 mm carapace width had one long copulation. In pairs of competing adult males, large body size was an advantage both in taking over a female from a rival and in preventing female takeover by a rival. However, in competitions between an adult male and a larger adolescent male, the adult was more likely to dispossess his rival or prevent takeover. The variance in mass of ejaculate store d by females was explained (98%) by total copulatory time and number of copulations. Females with two mates obtained more copulations and larger ejaculate stores than females with one mate, suggesting that interannual variability in ejaculate stores reported for wild females is related to the level of male sexual competition. Resume : Au laboratoire, des femelles vierges du crabe des neiges ( Chionoecetes opilio) ont ete placees individuellement avec un ou deux mâles afin d'etudier le comportement d'accouplement. Les mâles physiologiquement matures, adolescents (i.e., pinces non differenciees) et adultes (i.e., pinces differenciees), se sont accouples avec les femelles. Les accouplements comprenaient normalement une periode precopulatoire, une ou plusieurs copulations et une periode postcopulatoire au cours de laquelle la femelle pondait. Certaines femelles ont copule apres la ponte. En situation non competitive, les mâles adultes de 4 0- 60 mm de largeur de carapace ont eu plusieurs episodes brefs de copulation, alors que les mâles adultes de 120-140 mm de largeur de carapace ont eu une seule longue copulation. Lorsque deux mâles adultes etaient en competition, une plus grande tail le etait avantageuse tant pour ravir la femelle au rival que pour empecher le rival de s'approprier la femelle. Cependant, dans le s competitions opposant un mâle adulte a un mâle adolescent plus grand, l'adulte etait plus susceptible de deposseder son rival o u de prevenir l'appropriation. La variance dans la masse des ejaculats entreposes par les femelles s'expliquait a 98% par le nomb re et la duree totale des copulations. Les femelles ayant eu deux partenaires sexuels ont obtenus plus de copulations et d'ejacula t que les femelles n'ayant eu qu'un partenaire, ce qui suggere qu'une des causes de la variabilite interannuelle des reserves en ejaculat observee chez les femelles sauvages est l'intensite de la competition sexuelle entre mâles.

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