Abstract
(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023;160:892–899) Labor analgesia use is increasing in Japan, and combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSE) is a favored method due to its rapid pain relief. While fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is widely assessed during labor and delivery and well-studied, some aspects of FHR following CSE have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to identify the association between obstetric outcomes and FHR abnormalities following CSE.
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