Abstract
W ciągu ostatniej dekady pogłębiała się dychotomia japońskiego rynku pracy między „odporną” formą zatrudnienia regularnego a wysoce elastyczną, ale wrażliwą formą zatrudnienia nieregularnego. Zjawisko to, w połączeniu z wciąż aktualnymi doświadczeniami kryzysu związanego z pandemią COVID-19 oraz nieustannie dokonującą się zmianą otoczenia powodowaną rosnącym postępem technologicznym, nasuwa pytanie o trwałość tradycyjnych japońskich praktyk zatrudnienia na całe życie. W artykule poddano analizie środowisko pracy w Japonii za pomocą modelu „odporności” rynku pracy, rozszerzonego o czynnik kulturowy, który pozwala na pełniejsze zrozumienie japońskiego systemu zatrudnienia. Zdaniem autorki ostatnie koncepcje co do zmiany organizacji zatrudnienia w Japonii oraz coraz głośniej i częściej podnoszona konieczność tych zmian mogą przyczynić się do długo oczekiwanej transformacji.
Highlights
The current PM, Yoshihide Suga, has no less challenging job to do as we witness the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic
A dichotomy between protected regular workers and under-protected and underpaid non-regular workers has been deepening in the Japanese labor market especially after the global financial crisis
The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) advanced non-regular employment deregulation by neoliberal “policy entrepreneurs” or “change agents”, members of established committees promoting labor market flexibility in reply to business demand.10. This provides a good illustration for the varieties of capitalism (VOC) framework, according to which Japan is classified as a coordinated market economy (CME) with “non-market-based coordination”
Summary
Among many paths and approaches of different countries towards their goal of gaining economic resilience, Japan has always been an interesting example. All of that happens against a constant need to adapt to modern trends, which slowly but surely keep reshaping the socio-economic landscape: social promotion of women, erosion of the domestic manufacturing and the growth of the service sector, globalization, growing reliance on the Internet, low fertility rate, and the ageing society, while not strictly economic trends, all have significant impact on the ecosystem and put policymaking under pressure.. All of that happens against a constant need to adapt to modern trends, which slowly but surely keep reshaping the socio-economic landscape: social promotion of women, erosion of the domestic manufacturing and the growth of the service sector, globalization, growing reliance on the Internet, low fertility rate, and the ageing society, while not strictly economic trends, all have significant impact on the ecosystem and put policymaking under pressure.2 This includes influence on the regulation of employment in Japan, which is the focus of this paper. This, in turn, strongly suggests that the Japanese employment system heads towards a “threshold” or “regime-shift”,4 and its evolution along with new, developing trajectories is calling for greater inclusiveness
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