Abstract
Abstract Differences in male bumblebee labial gland secretions can be used to separate species pairs. Cephalic labial gland secretions from male Bombus lucorum Linnaeus bumblebees from Europe, and male ‘ B. lucorum ’ bumblebees from China, were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the European B. lucorum L., ethyl tetradec-9-enoate was identified as the major compound (58% peak area), along with a complex mixture of straight-chain alkenols, acetates, hydrocarbons, and wax type esters. In contrast, the main component of the labial gland secretions of the Chinese ‘ B. lucorum ’, ethyl dodecanoate (31%), did not dominate the secretion, which additionally contained large amounts of 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-6,10-dien-1-ol (=2,3-dihydrofarnesol, 24% peak area), ethyl octadec-9-enoate (15% peak area) and a mixture of acyclic diterpenes (alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates). Furthermore, in B. lucorum , 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-6,10-dien-1-ol was only detected in trace amounts (0.05%) and ethyl octadec-9-enoate corresponded to only 0.8% of the mixture. These results indicate that ‘ B. lucorum ’ from China is a separate taxon from B. lucorum L. Further analysis revealed that ‘ B. lucorum ’ from China has been previously described as Bombus minshanicola Bischoff 1936 from Gansu/China. Differences in the chemical composition of male bumblebee labial gland secretions are discussed in comparison with other known bumblebee species pairs.
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