Abstract
Exosomes contain different functional bimolecular characteristics related to physiological or pathological processes and are now recognized as new biomarkers in different human cancers. Rapid detection and classification of cancer-related exosomes might be helpful in the rapid screening of patients that may have cancer. Here, we report a surface enhanced Raman scattering technology for rapid and label-free exosomal detection (Exo-SERS) to aid in the discrimination of different cancer cells based on specific Raman phenotypes and multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated that exosomes derived from both tumor cells and normal cells exhibit special, unique Raman phenotypes. Using the Exo-SERS method, the cancer cells were accurately discriminated from normal cells, and subtle molecular changes between the different cell types could be detected with high sensitive. This research provides a rapid, label-free and non-destructive manner for detecting and discriminating between cancer types.
Highlights
Exosomes are nano-sized phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles that are secreted by all cells into the extracellular milieu [1]
Organotropic metastasis was related to the protein expression patterns in exosomes, in which exosomal integrins α6β4 and α6β1 were associated with lung metastasis and integrin αvβ5 was linked to liver metastasis [6]
We have reported a surface enhanced Raman scattering technology with rapid and label-free exosomal detection (Exo-Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)) for discriminating different cancer types based on specific
Summary
Exosomes are nano-sized phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles that are secreted by all cells into the extracellular milieu [1]. Released exosomes contain cell-specific proteins, membrane lipids, mRNA, DNA and microRNA that can perform versatile roles in normal or diseased processes [2,3,4]. Lyden has proposed that exosomes released by tumors are considered malignant messengers that prime distant organs for metastasis and recruit bone marrow cells to assist in this process. GPC1 levels in the circulating exosomes correlated with tumor burden and the survival of pre- and post-surgical patients. This was the first report showing that circulating exosomes may serve as a potential non-invasive diagnostic and screening tool for the detection of the early stages of pancreatic cancers, facilitating surgical therapy [7]. It has been reported that elevated amount of serum exosomal miRNA-23a may have potential clinical relevance and prognostic
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