Labeled of Irradiated Chitosan with IODIUM-131 Radioisotope

Abstract

Chitosan is a polysaccharide from the deacetylation process of chitin, a compound derived from crustacean animal exoskeletons. Chitosan has benefits in various fields, one of them is in health field. Chitosan is known to be able to bind with fat so that it can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, besides chitosan also has activities as an antibacterial and anticancer. Irradiated chitosan is carried out to degrade chitosan to smaller molecular weight and is easily absorbed to the body. As a new drug, many stages of testing are carried out to determine the mechanism and effectiveness of chitosan compound specifically as an anticancer compound. One of the required data is preclinical study data using animal model. Nuclear techniques offers the results of preclinical study that can identify quickly and accurately the distribution of a drug in the body with the radiotracer principle. Therefore it is necessary to make T-chitosan labeled compounds irradiation (131I-chitosan-75kGy) and compared with 131I-chitosan labeled compounds non-radiation (131I-chitosan) as controls. In this study, the optimum formulation of chitosan and chitosan-75kGy with radioisotope iodine-131 with radiochemical purity > 90% was obtained. Chitosan can be labeled by iodine-131 with the formulation of 150 μL (0.5%) chitosan, 20 μl (5 mg / mL) chloramine T, 20 μl (10 mg / mL) sodium metabisulphite, 10 μL Nal3I and 5 minutes incubation time at room temperature. While the optimum formulation of chitosan-75kGy labeled is 100 μL (0.5%) chitosan-75kGy, 10 μl (5 mg / mL) chloramine T, 10 μl (10 mg / mL) sodium metabisulphite, 10 μL Na131I with 1 minute incubation time at room temperature. Radiochemical purity testing was carried out using ascending paper chromatography method with whatman 1 paper as a stationary phase. To separate impurities in the form of I2, chloroform is used as the mobile phase, whereas methanol 90% is used to separate impurities in the form of I−. With this successful in producing labeled chitosan, it is expected that the effectiveness of irradiated chitosan as anticancer compounds can be identified.