Abstract
Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is a promising solution to implement high-speed internet protocol (IP) networks by reducing the layer number. To meet the increasing demand for data traffic, optical packet switching (OPS) is integrated under IP to provide high bandwidth to end users. Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) is perfectly compatible with the routing algorithm in IP/MPLS as it supports packet-switching functions. In this paper, we investigate the label stacking scenarios in GMPLS networks. In GMPLS, label stacking is done to reduce the node complexity by appending multiple labels to a single packet. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) signals have been widely used as identifying labels. As the labels can be permutated among the wavelengths or code dimensions, the structure of a label stack can be varied. However, studies on the relationship between label stacking scenarios and network performance are limited. To investigate this issue, we propose three label stacking models: sequential code distribution; sequential wavelength distribution, and random label distribution. The simulation results show that the sequential wavelength assignment, wherein the labels are uniformly distributed among the wavelengths, exhibits the best system performance in terms of the label-error rate (LER).
Highlights
Internet protocol (IP) is currently the most typical technology for transmitting multimedia information [1,2,3] with a hierarchical structure of multiple layers
This figure shows the label-error rate (LER) of the standard SAC labels, which can be expressed as the hybrid label in a single Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) channel (M = 1, N = 255)
Its performance still cannot compete with the proposed scenario of sequential wavelength distribution
Summary
Internet protocol (IP) is currently the most typical technology for transmitting multimedia information [1,2,3] with a hierarchical structure of multiple layers. These layers process the data packets in order, where the upper layer calls the lower one when completing the provided services. Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), developed by Internet Engineering. By reducing the layer number and the routing complexity, MPLS provides an efficient protocol for packet switching. Instead of analyzing the whole network, the intermediate nodes switch the packets by performing label recognition, which effectively saves processing time. As the complex routing algorithm is only calculated at the terminal nodes, the switching delay for an entire end-to-end route is greatly reduced
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