Abstract
The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.
Highlights
Cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide [1,2]
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) has been considered as a standard method for identifying and quantifying the target analyte with high sensitivity and specificity, including antigens/antibodies, proteins, and hormones [1,7]
We discussed recent progresses on the optical resonator-based biosensor development categorized into Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI)-based biosensors and whispering gallery mode (WGM)-based biosensors
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide [1,2]. ELISA has been considered as a standard method for identifying and quantifying the target analyte with high sensitivity and specificity, including antigens/antibodies, proteins, and hormones [1,7] It is a labeled immunoassay, involving laborious and time-consuming preparation steps with sophisticated and costly instruments needed to be operated by a trained expert working in a centralized clinical laboratory [7,8,9]. SPR-based biosensors are attractive because of their label-free operation and real-time analysis capability [10,11,12,13,14,15] They detect biomolecular interactions occurring on the metal surface with high sensitivity by measuring the shift in the excitation angle of surface plasmon or the optical intensity change. It requires complicated and expensive settings [16] limiting the possibility to miniaturize the system [17,18]
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