Abstract
A label-free and array-based optical liquid-crystal (LC) immunodetection technique for the detection of CA125 antigen, a protein biomarker most frequently used for ovarian cancer detection, was demonstrated with a nematic LC with larger birefringence (Δn) to promote sensitivity in detecting biomolecules. The LC-based immunodetection offers an alternative and sensitive approach for the detection of biomarker proteins, with the potential of replacing conventional immunoassays used in biochemical studies and clinical laboratories.
Highlights
Immunodetection of cancer biomarkers is an essential procedure in cancer detection and diagnosis
It is clear from the quantified data (Fig. 3) that, for a given bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration, HDN gives rise to a more pronounced dark-to-bright optical response than does 5CB, indicating that the higher sensitivity can be achieved by using HDN in LC-based biosensing
It is necessary to choose a suitable anti-CA125 antibody concentration to ensure that the CA125 antigen is sufficiently bound to the antibody, and the optical texture of LCs is not affected by the CA125 antibodies in the absence of the CA125 antigen
Summary
Immunodetection of cancer biomarkers is an essential procedure in cancer detection and diagnosis. The commercially available CA125 immunoassay has a detection limit of 15 U∕ml, which is sufficient to detect the generally accepted threshold level of CA125 when the disease is present (35 U∕ml).[2] Due to the importance of early diagnosis of cancer, various immunoassays for the detection of CA125 cancer biomarker have been reported, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,[3] electrochemical immunoassay,[4,5,6,7] and colorimetric immunoassay.[8] These traditional label-based immunoassays are often complicated, timeconsuming, with the high cost of labeling antibodies. Development of label-free immunodetection techniques is highly desired to reduce the cost of detection systems as well as to simplify cancer screening procedures
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