Abstract
Rapid identification of bacterial species is crucial in medicine and food hygiene. In order to achieve rapid and label-free identification of bacterial species at the single bacterium level, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical method based on Fourier transform light scattering (FTLS) measurements and statistical classification. For individual rod-shaped bacteria belonging to four bacterial species (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, and Bacillus subtilis), two-dimensional angle-resolved light scattering maps are precisely measured using FTLS technique. The scattering maps are then systematically analyzed, employing statistical classification in order to extract the unique fingerprint patterns for each species, so that a new unidentified bacterium can be identified by a single light scattering measurement. The single-bacterial and label-free nature of our method suggests wide applicability for rapid point-of-care bacterial diagnosis.
Highlights
Rapid and accurate identification of bacterial species is crucial for diagnosing infectious diseases or screening for poisoning sources in food
Our experimental results demonstrate that detectable and significant patterns in the 2D light scattering spectra can distinguish individual bacteria belonging to four rod-shaped species (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, and Bacillus subtilis), which are indistinguishable with only cellular shapes, achieving cross-validation accuracy higher than 94%
Model problem: Four rod-shaped bacterial species In order to demonstrate the capability of the present approach, we set and solve a virtual clinical case for the proof-of-concept study: the objective is to identify the species of an unidentified bacterial pathogen, i.e. a single specific bacterium isolated from the sample that is known to belong to one of the four rodshaped bacterial species, Listeria monocytogenes
Summary
Rapid and accurate identification of bacterial species is crucial for diagnosing infectious diseases or screening for poisoning sources in food. The treatment of many important diseases and syndromes (such as sepsis, of which mortality rates increase by approximately 9% per hour before appropriate antibiotic therapy [7]) typically employs wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy based on clinical experience This strategy is inefficient compared to accurately species-targeted therapy and carries the potential dangers of severe side effects or the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms [8, 9]. ALS of individual bacteria has received relatively little research attention [27,28,29,30,31], probably because certain characteristics of single-bacterial ALS measurement (extremely small scattering cross section, wide scattering angle range, and significantly high dynamic range) make this method technically challenging [32] Despite these difficulties, ALS of individual bacteria promises a powerful advantage: label-free identification at the single bacterium level. The single-bacterial and label-free nature of our method suggest wide applicability for rapid point-of-care bacterial diagnosis
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