Abstract
Bacterial infections have become a significant challenge in terms of public health, the food industry, and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to address these challenges by developing a rapid, cost-effective, and easy-to-use biosensor for early diagnosis of bacterial pathogens. Herein, we developed a simple, label-free, and highly sensitive immunosensor based on electrochemical detection using the Au@MoS₂–PANI nanocomposite. The conductivity of the glassy carbon electrode is greatly enhanced using the Au@MoS₂–PANI nanocomposite and a self-assembled monolayer of mercaptopropionic acid on the gold nanoparticle surface was employed for the covalent immobilization of antibodies to minimize the nonspecific adsorption of bacterial pathogens on the electrode surface. The biosensor established a high selectivity and sensitivity with a low limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL, and detected Escherichia coli within 30 min. Moreover, the developed biosensor demonstrated a good linear detection range, practical utility in urine samples, and electrode regenerative studies.
Highlights
We developed an electrochemical biosensor based on nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and MoS2 for bacterial pathogen detection
Ammonium persulfate (NH4 )2 S2 O8, sodium tricitrate (Na3 C6 H5 O7 ), [Fe(CN)6 ]3−/4−, KCl, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer powder, and 100 mM PBS buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
The self-assembled monolayer of MPA was attached to the gold surface for covalent functionalization of antibodies
Summary
Research on bacterial pathogen detection and the related infectious diseases has become a hot topic in medical research because of the increasing demands of healthcare, the environment, and food monitoring [1,2]. Bacterial pathogens are the main cause of numerous infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses [3,4,5]. More than 550 million people become infected and 5.2 million people die worldwide from the consumption of bacteria-contaminated food and water [6,7]. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a disease-causing bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne infection [8]. Shinga toxin-producing E. coli is highly infectious to humans and can cause lethal diseases, such as bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic uremic syndrome [9,10]
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