La transición de la cardiopatía isquémica aguda a la crónica en España, 1980–1994

Abstract

The remarkable increase in hospital admissions from heart failure in Spain in the last few years may result paradoxical because it coincides with a decrease in ischemic heart disease mortality, the leading cause of heart failure. A plausible explanation is the increase in ischemic heart disease survival, derived from the recent therapeutic advances, which will translate into an increase in the chronic forms of disease. Thus, an analysis was made of mortality and hospital admission trends due to acute and chronic ischemic heart diseases in the 1980-1994 period in Spain. Population-based study of temporal trends with data of primary diagnosis of acute (CIE-9: 410-411) and chronic (CIE-9: 412-414) ischemic heart disease obtained from the National Vital Statistics and the National Survey of Hospital Morbidity. The number of deaths due to acute ischemic heart disease has increased by 8.3%, from 18,559 in 1980 to 20,101 in 1994. Deaths due to chronic ischemic heart disease increased by 49.3%, from 4,703 in 1980 to 7,020 in 1994. As a result, chronic forms accounted for 20.2% of all deaths attributable to ischemic heart disease in 1980 and 25.8% in 1994. The age-adjusted acute ischemic heart disease mortality rates decreased by 20.1%, whereas those due to chronic increased by 14.6%. The number and rate of age-adjusted hospital admissions increased remarkably for both acute and chronic ischemic heart disease. Nevertheless, the increase observed with chronic form was higher, from 39.4% of all hospital admissions due to ischemic heart disease in 1980 to 58.4% in 1994. This classification of ischemic heart disease was more notorious among males and younger patients. Currently, we are witnessing a transition from acute to chronic ischemic heart disease. That partly explains the increase in hospital care for heart diseases, particularly ischemic heart disease and heart failure.