La suburbanización del Sunbelt estadounidense tras la crisis del petróleo. El crecimiento como ideología y el debate medioambiental

Abstract

This article analyzes the development of the suburban model in the Sunbelt cities in the decades after the 1973 oil crisis, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. Paradoxically, in a moment when the economic crisis and the publication of the Meadows Report were expanding the ecologist sensibility all over the world, the Sunbelt continued supporting the suburban model, already discredited as unsustainable. The article studies the reasons of this success, mainly the insertion of office uses in the new suburbs, as well as the resulting environmental crisis at the end of the 1990s. It also analyzes the proposals of the “smart growth” movement in order to correct the most unsustainable aspects of the suburban model, and the counter-arguments of its defenders. Finally, the article considers that the wide social consensus that this model has in the Sunbelt has an ideological and economic basis.