Abstract
Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a frequently misdiagnosed but not so rare neuromuscular disorder that involves buttock pain referred to the leg. Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle or a local pathological process compresses or irritates the sciatic nerve. Diagnosis is often difficult, and it is of exclusion, due to few validated and standardized diagnostic tests. Treatment for PS has historically been focused on stretching and physical therapy modalities, with refractory patients also receiving anesthetic and corticosteroid injections into the piriformis muscle origin, belly, muscle sheath, or sciatic nerve sheath. Recently, the use of botulinum toxin to treat PS has gained popularity. Surgical treatment is indicated in selected cases not responding to conservative therapy.
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