Abstract
The conflict between Church and State in revolutionary Mexico - particularly during the years of the Cristeros or Cristiada War, the dramatic conflict which saw the Mexican army pitched against several thousand Catholics from 1926 to 1929 - has been the subject of a great number of studies from the late 1950s on. Among this wide-ranging historiographical production, the leading role played by the Holy See in the events of the Mexican Church was initially reconstructed based on Mexican and American diplomatic sources. That has undoubtedly allowed us to shed light on some of the choices adopted in Rome in order to resolve the conflict, but, at the same time, has not allowed us to investigate the mechanisms at the basis of their adoption in-depth. The opening of the Vatican archives relating to the pontificate of Achilles Ratti (Pius IX, 1922-1939) today allows us to fill that gap and provide a more detailed reconstruction of this historical turning point.
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