Abstract
If the Revolution and the Empire were luckless for traditional textile activities in the Sarthe (wool and hemp), a recent fibre, the cotton profite by the new economic era. Yet, since the 1760's a far-seeing entrepreneur Élie Savatier made of the little town of Bessé an important place of cotton factories. And since 1792, bold entrepreneurs (the Desportes) implant in Le Mans a powerful coton industry thanks to large investments. But on the contrary of the entrepreneurs of Bessé, they incur heavy loans and they did not mastered neither the price of their supplies of raw materials neither their outlets. These facts were the main causes of the final failure. Finally the coton industry never will succeed in Le Mans on the contrary, in Bessé where the class of pre-industrial entrepreneurs which existed before 1789, took advantage of the Revolution to increase her fortune, the cotton industrie increase it production, and the local entrepreneurs overcome the difficulties of the 1810's. The growth and accumulation of capital permit to the following generation of entrepreneurs to leave the domestic System for the factory System.
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