La résignation des abbés et prieurs : vieillesse, infirmité et indiscipline chez les chanoines réguliers et les bénédictins anglais (xiie-xive siècle)

Abstract

During the Middle Ages old or infirm abbots and priors, whether regular canons or Benedictines, could ask their bishop to relieve them of their charge. This procedure, which is part of the arsenal of measures foreseen by the Church in cases of incapacity to fulfil the duties of one’s office or as a means of rewarding deserving elderly prelates, could also serve to remove from office those who were condemned for a grievous fault. In England, if resignation is already well known in the 11th and 12th century, we have more detailed knowledge in the 13th century due to increased documentation. Old age, sickness, infirmity, and even merit were legitimate reasons for abandoning a charge; undisciplined behaviour, for the deposition of a prelate. These procedures were soon abused: early departures without a true motive, forced resignations. The attribution of pensions and provisions for the maintenance of old abbots and priors weighed on the finances of communities when departures were too closely spaced. The old prelates were provided with special living conditions, including their own apartments, servants and various provisions. The pension, systematic with the regular canons, becomes widespread with the Benedictines in the 14th century. Some remain in their institution, others change communities and even orders; delinquent prelates are often sent far away, and sometimes remain the source of grave disorders for years to come.