Abstract
The reform of the Common Organization of the Market (CMO) in sugar in the EU is responsible for a 50% loss in production quota for the Spanish sugar sector, with the closure of numerous factories and consequent loss of jobs. The aim of this article is two-fold: 1) to describe the process and basic features of the CMO reform in the EU and Spain, and 2) to present a method for the analysis of the impact of measures implemented in the Spanish sugar beet sector as a consequence of the CMO reform. The method is based on a positive mathematical programming model in which, in addition to sugar beet, other crops which compete with sugar beet for land, such as cereals and oilseeds are taken into account. As well as the agricultural policy measures applicable to sugar beet, the model takes into consideration all the measures of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) relative to crops competing with it. The measures derived from the Reform of the Common Organization of the sugar market vary from one autonomous region to another. In this study, the above-mentioned method has been applied to the case of Castilla y Leon, the autonomous region with the greatest production of sugar beet in Spain. The results, which show that the CMO reform entails a significant loss of profits for the sugar beet sector in Castilla y Leon, were obtained using data from the 2002 Red Contable Agraria Nacional to define the sugar beet sector, assuming that variations in cost and price are those published by the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino between 2002 and 2009.
Highlights
Esta ayuda estaba operativa por un periodo de 5 años a partir de la campaña en la que hubiese tenido lugar la reducción del 50% de la cuota
Todo ello en España se tradujo en una reducción del 50% de la cuota existente antes de la reforma
Cabe destacar la ya mencionada reducción del 50% de la cuota de producción de azúcar asignada por la UE, lo que supuso pasar de 996.960,9 toneladas a 498.480,3 toneladas
Summary
El mercado del azúcar en la UE, ha disfrutado de un alto nivel de protección a lo largo de varias décadas por la existencia de un fuerte apoyo a los precios y la implantación de elevados aranceles a la importación. URZAINQUI ganado por los países denunciantes, lo que unido a la necesidad de reordenar la Organización Común de Mercado (OCM) del azúcar, condujo a la UE a la aprobación de la reforma de 2006, con objeto de conseguir en las campañas 2006/2007 a 2009/2010 una reducción importante de la producción de azúcar y un descenso de los precios de un 36%. Todo ello supone que como señala ACOR (número de octubre-noviembre de 2009, 124/ 11) el balance final de la aplicación de la Reforma de 2006, ha supuesto para el sector azucarero de la UE: «el abandono de 5,3 millones de toneladas de cuota de azúcar; el cierre de 77 azucareras; la pérdida de 25.000 empleos directos; el abandono de la remolacha por parte de 140.000 productores en 700.000 hectáreas de cultivo y la transformación de la UE en el segundo mayor importador de azúcar del mundo, después de haber sido el segundo mayor exportador».
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