Abstract
The aim of this review is to understand the theoretical difficulties encountered in the domain of reasoning by analogy and to analyze several différent attempts to overcome them. After having given some essential information about experimental results obtained in this field, three models representing very different conceptions of reasoning by analogy are described. A critical and comparative analysis of these models shows that each one emphasizes either the procédural aspects or the representational aspects. The conséquences of these theoretical choices are developed with respect to : — the issue of « non-demonstrative inference » raised by Fodor ; — the issue of whether reasoning by analogy can be considered as a « weak problem solving method ». Key-words : reasoning by analogy, memory, knowledge representation, induction, modelling.
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