Abstract
This article focuses on the study of some social control technologies and discourses, displayed in Argentina's provinces between 1880 and 1940, with particular reference to the so-called 'Territorios Nacionales' of La Pampa Río Negro and Neuquén, which were submitted to a direct federal authority. THe main purpose is to analyze - within these areas- - the building of repressive and sanitary institutions (i.e., police, prisons, asylums, hospitals) as well as the enforcement of positivists studying and classifying methodologies, intended to identify 'abnormality'. A straight and permanent rule of these "territorios Nacionales' on the federal State could have meant a longer attention to their social and economic development through a direct and intense presence of national, modernizing, positivist institutions. However, a deeper historical study of repressive and sanitary institutions allows to arrive to completely different conclusions. The sources show that these institutions had numerous daily problems, were frequently and severely under-budgeted and were obliged to develop not originally forseen functions and tasks. These situations imply revising not only these institutions' real regulation capacities but also the very existence of a generalized, efficient social control programme in Argentina at the beginning of the 20th century, as many scholars focused on Buenos Aires's study case have already argued.
Highlights
RESUMEN Este artículo avanza sobre el significado de las tecnologías y discursos del denominado «control social» en el interior argentino, haciendo hincapié en los Territorios Nacionales de La Pampa, Neuquén y Río Negro, entre 1880-1940
This article focuses on the study of some social control technologies and discourses, displayed in Argentina’s provinces between 1880 and 1940, with particular reference to the so-called ‘Terri
Torios Nacionales’ of La Pampa, Río Negro and Neuquén, which were submitted to a direct federal authority
Summary
La ocupación por parte del Ejército de línea de los territorios al sur de Buenos Aires en 1879 permitió que el Estado argentino incorporara a su soberanía millones de hectáreas, y que extendiera sus límites internacionales hasta la Cordillera de los Andes y el extremo austral. El destino económico en las tierras pampeanas y patagónicas tras su ocupación distó de ser homogéneo: hacia 1900 coexistían áreas de pleno desarrollo del capitalismo rural con otras en las que sobrevivían prácticas productivas y comerciales de más profunda raigambre en la vida fronteriza. Pero también variaban las estrategias productivas y los bienes producidos: enormes latifundios dedicados a los ovinos en Santa Cruz y Chubut coexistían con los sistemas de arrendamientos en La Pampa oriental, monoproductores cerealeros. Las regiones australes tuvieron a lo largo la primera mitad del siglo XX una muy débil densidad demográfica, resultado del predominio de los latifundios ovinos atendidos por una mano de obra escasa, convocada para el período de la esquila. Pero en 1884, el Congreso Nacional cambió de opinión y decidió subdividir el espacio, creando los Territorios Nacionales de La Pampa, Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz y
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