Abstract
The Second Vatican Council addressed the question of peace and war in the nos. 77–90 of the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes. A few years after the end of the Second World War, the Council Fathers and the whole of humanity were aware of its devastating effects and need to avoid a new conflict. The Second Vatican Council began and developed in a global context of decolonization of 38 countries, of growth of superpowers and of cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. The different editorial schemes show the thought of the Council Fathers, which evolved from proposing peace as a struggle against war, up to posing it as the best condition for the community, which must be complete, durable and stable. Thus the Council firmly rejected all forms of war (just war, total war) and violence; the arms race was also condemned, and at the same time an appeal was made to humanity to free itself from the old slavery of war.
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