Abstract
The independence of the Republic of South Sudan, officially proclaimed on 9 July 2011 further to the organisation of a referendum on self-determination, has been hailed by the international community. The new state was rapidly recognised, including by Sudan, and accepted as a member of the UN and the African Union. The process of secession by which South Sudan separated from Sudan is little controlled by international law and the appearance of a new state is always a one-off phenomenon, which in the case in point was negotiated after a lengthy civil war. The enthusiasm for the outcome stands in stark contrast to the difficulties encountered in building South Sudan. These pertain to the conflicting relations it maintains with Sudan, especially over the Abyei zone and petroleum resources, but also over serious internal problems. The existence of South Sudan, within the meaning of international law, and international peace and security are under threat and the humanitarian situation in the region is a matter of particular concern.
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