Abstract
Castile and Granada recognized the right of captives to seek salvation by fleeing. Some escapes were so unbelievable that they could only be explained by divine intercession. The ransoms were paid with money from official assistance, testamentary bequests and alms. The rents of the waqf guaranteed the payment of many ransoms on the Granadan side. Sometimes captives went back home to get the money to pay for their ransoms, leaving members of their families as hostages. Religious reasons justify the Moors’ preference for exchange of captives rather than rescuing them. The ransomers put the captive´s family in touch with his master and they tried to help both sides reach an agreement. They were expected to be honest, but some took advantage of their privileged situations to trade or to spy. Women, children and the young apostatized to improve their living conditions, although this option was more traumatic for Christians than for Muslims.
Highlights
Tras la conquista de Antequera en 1410, el infante don Fernando inauguró la costumbre de conceder treguas al emir de Granada a cambio de la entrega de cautivos cristianos
Castile and Granada recognized the right of captives to seek salvation by fleeing
The ransoms were paid with money from official assistance, testamentary bequests and alms
Summary
La mención más antigua de este derecho está en el tratado de vasallaje concertado por Fernando IV con el emir Nasr (Sevilla, 26/mayo/1310). El 5 de octubre de 1463, los regidores de Lorca se quejan al adelantado mayor del reino de Murcia, Pedro Fajardo, porque la tregua recientemente firmada con Granada garantizaba la libertad del cautivo que huyera a tierra de moros: “e este capítulo, señor, es a nos, que somos muy çercanos, muy perjudiçial”[11]. Juan I ordenó instalar un faron en la torre del homenaje de la fortaleza de Alcalá la Real para orientar, de noche, a los cautivos que escaparan de Granada y lugares aledaños. Debía estar en desuso en 1482, pues el cronista Hernando del Pulgar cuenta que el conde de Tendilla puso a sus expensas un farol nocturno en una torre de Alcalá la Real, para que los cristianos “que se soltaran de las prisiones, pudiesen venir de noche a se saluar al tino de aquella lunbre”[15]
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