Abstract
AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in children under 15 years old affects 65-85 patients per year in France. Diagnosis of AML requires accurate morphological analysis of leukaemic blasts and their cellular environment, immunophenotyping to define the lineage stage and comprehensive cytogenetic and molecular analysis to determine prognostic factors and establish the level of risk and predict the outcome of the disease. The rarity and heterogeneity of paediatric AML makes it difficult to characterise prognostic factors without international collaborative studies. The genetic abnormalities associated with paediatric AML are different from those associated with AML in adult patients, and the clinical presentation differs somewhat from that in adults. Some genetic abnormalities predispose to AML or are associated with an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. AML in children under 2 years old, including infant AML, AML diagnosed in children with Down syndrome and the specific morphological aspects of paediatric AML are all features that should be known for optimal diagnosis and follow-up management of this entity.
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