La gangrène périphérique symétrique : à propos de 4 cas

Abstract

Symmetric peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a symmetrical distal ischemic lesion on at least 2 or more extremities in the absence of proximal arterial obstruction and vasculitis. It is a rare and severe clinical entity. The aim of this study was to describe clinical symptoms, etiological agents and the management of SPG through a series of 4 cases. We included all cases of SPG hospitalized between 2000 and 2014. The inclusion criterion was the presence of distal ischemic damage at two or more sites in the absence of large vessel obstruction. Four patients (2 men and 2 women) were included. The mean age was 43.2±12years. Two patients had a history of splenectomy. All patients had blackening of the tips of the fingers and toes. Three patients presented with septic shock. The etiology was bacteremia involving Streptococcus pneumoniae in two cases and a malignant form of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF). In addition to specific antibiotics, we used a potent vasodilator (iloprost) in two cases and curative heparin therapy in two cases. The outcome was favorable in 3 cases, with regression of necrotic lesions. One case required the amputation of non-perfused necrotic fingers and toes. SPG can complicate MSF in some rare cases. Thorough and repeated skin examinations are essential to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of GPS in order to improve the prognosis.