La fluidez verbal en personas mayores y su relación con variables psicosociales y de funcionamiento cognitivo

Abstract

IntroductionThe analysis of verbal fluency in old age has been one of the main strategies as part of the diagnosis of dementia. Thus, studies have shown that, compared to healthy elderly people, those with dementia show a significant deterioration in verbal fluency —especially in semantic fluency— even after the statistical control of variables such as age and educational level. ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to analyze the performance of older people in a task of semantic fluency and relate it to their performance in other cognitive tasks (working memory, attention task and a screening test) as well as to determine the influence of variables such as educational level, age and gender in the fluency task performance. MethodA total of 264 people with an average age of 79.57 years from the province of Granada participated in the study. Participants were evaluated with a structured interview of psychosocial variables, a battery of neuropsychological assessment that included tests of fluency, memory, attention, and general cognitive functioning. ResultsThe results showed significant differences in verbal fluency based on the cognitive status of the persons and the age range. Likewise, significant correlations were observed between fluency and the rest of past cognitive tests, the cognitive screening test being the best predictor of fluency performance. ConclusionsThe data obtained corroborate the importance of the use of fluency tests in the psychological assessment of the elderly.