La evaluación en la enseñanza de grado en enfermería en América Latina: una revisión integrativa

Abstract

It is an article of integrative literature review on trends or patterns of evaluation in nursing undergraduate courses that highlights and discusses the different methodologies adopted in Latin America. As methodological framework, the six steps of Ganong methodology were adopted, indicated for a integrative literature review. A national, international and active literature review search was conducted in SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, ABED, BDENF HomeoIndex, PAHO. The descriptors selected for the literature search were education, nursing education, educational evaluation, educational technology and nursing. Eighty articles published from 2004 to 2008 were found, 30 of then were excluded, including duplicate productions, letters, editorials, abstracts and products unrelated to the scope of the study, remaining 50 articles for analysis. Data evaluation indicated different educational concepts adopted in teaching and learning evaluation. There are, for example the ones guided by the concepts of banking education that alienate, imprison and reproduce the distorted and erroneous ideological positions of that trend. In Critical School design there is a predominance of open, critical and reflective evaluation methods consistent with the progressive, constructivist and sociointeractionist theoretical framework guided by the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines (PCN), which impels the curriculum to a search for completeness and for the notion of dialogic competence raised from the combination of attributes (cognitive, attitude and skills) that guide the teaching processes.