Abstract
El presente artículo explica los métodos y formas de propaganda de los régimenes no democráticos tomando como ejemplo la propaganda comunista respecto a la emigración. El propósito del artículo es averiguar cómo veía la élite política comunista a la gente que abandonaba el país, contra qué tipos de emigrantes iba dirigida la propaganda comunista y qué medios de expresión se utilizaban en la prensa comunista para caracterizar a los exiliados políticos. Partimos de la hipótesis de que el lenguaje propagandístico de los comunistas en contra de los emigrantes no cambiaba en función de la rigidez del régimen comunista. De este modo, los emigrantes eran considerados enemigos del régimen tanto en el periodo totalitario de los años cincuenta como en el periodo autoritario de los ochenta. En el presente texto se realiza un análisis de los contenidos de los medios de comunicación escritos de ambas épocas. En la primera parte, la parte teórica, se presenta el papel que desempeña la propaganda en los regímenes no democráticos. A continuación, se explican los motivos de la emigración durante la época objeto de análisis y, finalmente, se analiza el lenguaje de la propaganda del partido comunista.
Highlights
We are coming from the assumption that in the negative level, the communist propaganda was directed at the blackening of the co-called class enemies to whom the emigrants were considered
The language of every undemocratic regime belongs to the main instruments of the fight against the real as well as frequently against the fictitious enemy
During the Cold War, when the world was divided into two antagonistic poles, the communists created a whole variety of the means of expression, on the one hand in order to mark their own ideas about the life and the governance of the society in the positive level and on the other hand, in order to present their enemies in the negative level
Summary
The undemocratic character of the political regime in former Czechoslovakia was the main reason why almost half a million of the inhabitants left this territory within the second half of the 20th century. The emigrants were considered to be the class enemies of the regime both in the totalitarian conditions of the fifties and in the authoritarian period of the eighties In spite of this statement, it may be noticed the decrease, or on the contrary, the increase of a number of the published articles in the daily press directed against the emigrants in the individual phases. We are explaining the reasons of the emigration in the investigated period, in the two last parts, we are analysing the language level of the propaganda of the Communist Party. In order to come nearer to the language of the period propaganda, we are presenting some statements in the longer wordings
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