Abstract
Conocer las diferencias de productividad y eficiencia entre la agricultura convencional y la ecológica tiene implicaciones importantes para la evaluación de la viabilidad económica de estas dos prácticas agrícolas. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficiencia técnica de las explotaciones de uva ecológicas y convencionales en Cataluña. Para ello utilizamos el modelo de la frontera de producción estocástica. El análisis se basó en datos de corte transversal de una muestra de 141 explotaciones catalanas especializadas en la producción de uva. Los agricultores ecológicos fueron, de promedio, técnicamente más eficientes que los convencionales (los ratios de eficiencia fueron 0,80 y 0,64, respectivamente). Además de la adopción de técnicas ecológicas, la experiencia también incrementa la eficiencia técnica. En cambio, las explotaciones con una mayor proporción de trabajo no remunerado, que se encuentran en una zona desfavorecida y/o que tienden a tener fuertes preferencias por preservar el medio ambiente, son generalmente menos eficientes.
Highlights
Intensive agricultural systems have caused several negative externalities on humans, animals and the environment
Our analysis uses cross sectional, farm-level data collected from a sample of Catalan farms that specialize in grape growing
The present study aims to compare technical efficiency of organic and conventional grape farms in Catalonia
Summary
Intensive agricultural systems have caused several negative externalities on humans, animals and the environment. Pollution of underground and surface water, loss of biodiversity, or overutilization of natural resources are just a few examples of these externalities. Social concerns regarding the negative externalities derived from conventional agriculture have been growing. Over the last few years, there has been an increase in consumer awareness pertaining to the consequences of food choices on their. These concerns have led to changes in European Union (EU) agricultural policies that have progressively incorporated environmental considerations. Interest in alternative agricultural practices that are more environmentally friendly has been growing. Organic farming, which replaces chemical inputs with organic fertilizers and non-chemical crop protection inputs, has received substantial attention within the EU
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