La bureaucratie représentative au sein des états multinationaux

Abstract

The authors provide a comparative analysis of representative bureaucracy in multinational states, described as being states with more than one group which defines itself as a nation. A clear distinction is made between multinational states (with their historically, culturally and ethnically established minorities) and multiethnic states (with their ethnic communities made up of different waves of immigration, whose culture is more reflected in family life and associations). The authors have selected four types of multinational state in which specific notions of the state, the civil service and national minority representation have gradually become dominant : Turkey, a unitary state, is characterised by extremely passive representation owing to its “Republicanist ideology”; the United Kingdom before 1997, a “union state”, had active representation resulting from a “unionist ideology”; Canada, a federal state, is characterised by a degree of passive representation which reflects the importance given to liberal values ; and Nigeria, a “federal communitarianist state”, stands out for its extremely active representation, which is the result of “communitarianist ideology”.