LA ALIMENTACIÓN, EL PRINCIPAL CONCEPTO QUE AFECTA LA RENTABILIDAD CAPRINA EN LA REGIÓN MIXTECA DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the value of the CASI indicator (Feeding costs on income) in goat production units, to demonstrate that food is the main investment concept that affects goat profitability in the Mixteca region of Puebla, Mexico. To obtain the above, a goat production unit of the Mixteca Poblana, of the Municipality of San Jeronimo Xayacatlan, Puebla, was selected; typical of the region, where the goats are housed at night in pens for their shelter and by day they go out to graze with the objective of harvesting the forage that they consume every day. In this research, a basic diagnosis of the caprine production unit was carried out, with the objective of carrying out its characterization in an integral manner, for which an interview was conducted, guided by a previously structured format, from which social information was recovered. The family and in a second moment information of technical variables that intervene in the productive process. Subsequently, the calculation of the CASI indicator was carried out under grazing conditions, and to calculate it, it is necessary to obtain the quotient of the cost of feeding and the value of production, expressed as a percentage. As a result of the interview applied to the family of the goat producer, it was obtained that the main activity of the family is the goat production system, whose income derives from the sale of animals for slaughter. The production system is grazing. The responsible producer has an age of 53 years and has an unfinished secondary school degree. The number of economic dependents is 4, of which 2 are of legal age and 2 are minors. The workforce with the account in its production unit is familiar. The type of land tenure where the production unit is located is particular and the distance to the municipal head is approximately 8 km. The road infrastructure with which it is counted is that which reaches the community from Xayacatlan de Bravo. The access roads to the production unit are dirt roads with a bad condition. We calculated the cost of feeding a batch of 25 adult goats, all older than one year of age, with an initial average weight of 34 kg and final live weight of 37 kg, the evaluation period was 30 days, for this variable only The cost of labor and the purchase of common salt were considered. To calculate the value of the production was set according to the market value. The value of the CASI indicator that was obtained was 98.94%, which implies that the production unit does not have a profitable activity, since it allocates more of the value of the production to the feed costs (98.94%), so it does not has adequate margin for profit.