L.240 ADAPTABILITY AND STABILITY OF Coffea arabica LINES IN THE WESTERN AMAZON

Carolina Augusto de Souza,Alexsandro Lara Teixeira,Rodrigo Barros Rocha,Camila Andrade Silva,Marcelo Curitiba Espindula,Josemar Dávila Torres

doi:10.25186/cs.v14i2.1580

Abstract

Growing Coffea arabica in regions of the Western Amazon is limited by early maturation and by its limited adaptation to regions of low altitude and high temperature. The aim in this study was to quantify the genotype × environment interaction of C. arabica lines in four different environments of the Western Amazon, seeking to assist selection of new lines with greater adaptability and stability for the region. In the months of December 2012 and January 2013, four competitive trials were set up in municipalities of the states of Rondônia and Acre. Each trial was composed of 21 lines and 4 reference cultivars evaluated as controls recommended for planting in the southeast region. In combined analysis, significant differences were not detected between the cultivars and controls; the mean yield of hulled coffee was 12.05 bags ha-1. The Alta Floresta Do Oeste environment has higher yield and is the only environment favorable for growing C. arabica; that environment is differentiated from the others through its higher altitudes and low temperatures. Through GGE biplot analyses, lines 12 and 13, identified as H514-7-10-6-9 and H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, were found to have results superior to the controls in the municipality of Alta Floresta Do Oeste, RO. The gain from selection of 56% obtained from line G12 and the gain of 46% obtained from line G13 show performance superior to the best control. The germplasm studied does not have genetic variability that contributes to selection of plants for adaptation to the low altitude and high temperatures in the amazonic region.

Highlights

The species of the Coffea genus originate in regions of the African continent that are characterized by abundant and well-distributed rain with humidity near saturation in the rainy season (CRAPARO et al 2015)
Growing C. arabica in regions of the Western Amazon is limited by early maturation of its fruit, which ripens in the period of greatest rainfall from the months of February to April, and by its more limited adaptation to tropical regions, in comparison to the species C. canephora (TEIXEIRA et al 2014; RODRIGUES et al 2016a)
Lines 12 and 13, identified as H514-7-10-6-9 and H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, obtained results superior to controls for the municipality of Alta Floresta Do Oeste, RO, environment that is differentiated from the others by exhibiting higher altitudes and lower temperatures

Summary

Introduction

The species of the Coffea genus originate in regions of the African continent that are characterized by abundant and well-distributed rain with humidity near saturation in the rainy season (CRAPARO et al 2015). Coffea arabica is a species native to tropical forests of Ethiopia distributed in an altitude range of 1600-2800 meters above mean sea level, with little variation in air temperature and annual mean temperature of 20oC (MOAT et al 2017). Growing C. arabica in regions of the Western Amazon is limited by early maturation of its fruit, which ripens in the period of greatest rainfall from the months of February to April, and by its more limited adaptation to tropical regions, in comparison to the species C. canephora (TEIXEIRA et al 2014; RODRIGUES et al 2016a). Climatic zoning for coffee growing classifies regions appropriate for planting as those with temperature from 22oC to 26oC and with accumulated water deficit of less than 200 mm (MAPA, 2011). The lack of information regarding development of C. arabica in bordering regions limits coffee growing and selection of new materials in the Western Amazon (TEIXEIRA et al, 2014)

Methods

Results

Conclusion