Abstract
This chapter introduces various types of formulaic units that have been explored in L2 writing research. It discusses the definition and scope of formulaic language with regard to traditional and bottom-up approaches, as well as the need for a more fine-grained approach to exploring formulaic language development. With a particular focus on collocations and lexical bundles, it explores methodological issues including criteria for target unit extraction, binary judgments of unit accuracy, and association strength measures. Recent research findings have been reviewed in terms of their contributions to formulaic language instruction, text analysis, and identification of genre as a mediating factor. It also reviews the main research methods and target units that L2 scholars have used in answering various questions related to formulaic language. Some practical suggestions are offered for facilitating L2 writers’ use of appropriate and genre-specific formulaic sequences. The chapter ends with a discussion of the future contributions of formulaic language to L2 writing pedagogy and testing.
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