L. S. Vygotsky on Educational Psychology as a Psychology of Culture: Organization of Education in the Forms of Children’s Subculture

Abstract

Problem and purpose. The article deals with the problems of implementing the ideas of the cultural-historical approach of L. S. Vygotsky in modern pedagogical practice, described in the work “Pedagogical psychology. Particularly highlighted are his ideas about pedagogy and educational psychology as the sciences of education, as well as the role of an adult in organizing an educating and developing environment ”in order to justify the implementation of an appropriate approach in pedagogical practice. Methodology. It is shown that the current socio-cultural situation is characterized by the emergence of a new environment for the development of the child - digital, as well as axiological uncertainty, a change in lifestyle, traditions of educational organization. It is shown that, in accordance with the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky, pedagogy and pedagogical psychology are called upon to carry out the upbringing and cultural development of children through the organization and management of the environment, creating conditions for their independent activity. The problem of the historical crisis of childhood is considered and it is shown that overcoming it and returning by adults the function of mediating child development is due to the organization of the environment of his life appropriate to his age. The concept of the organization of education in the forms of children’s subculture on the material of preschool age is presented. The structure of the children’s (preschool) subculture is described, including the role-playing game as a leading activity, communication such as proximity, the system of values, the specifics of children’s thinking and its means (fairy tale). The main forms of work with preschoolers are singled out: dramatization of a fairy tale, dialogue. In conclusion, the results of the introduction are briefly described, which are manifested in the development of a role-playing game, imagination, communication with peers and adults, and positive moral development.