Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-Norvaline and alpha-tocopherol in protection and combating the oxidative stress of testes in hyperglycemic male rats. In our study single dose of streptozotocin was used for induction of diabetes and fasting serum glucose level was checked and those animals showing FSG above 250 mg/dL were selected. The diabetic animals were randomly divided into seven groups comprising six animals in each group and one group of normal non diabetic animals received the vehicle 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.5. L-Norvaline was administered at higher (10 mg/kg) and lower (8 mg/kg) dose intraperitoneally to the different groups of diabetic animals along with alpha-tocopherol (900 mg/kg) orally for a period of 30 days. Sildenafil at an oral dose of 5 mg/kg was used as reference drug. After that period, testis was isolated and homogenized. The homogenized tissue was centrifuged, separating the supernatant and preserved it for assessing the oxidative stress parameters. The level of various antioxidant enzymes were assessed such as superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Assessment of lipid peroxidation was also done in treated groups. The statistical analyses were carried out using Graph Pad Prism 5.0 software. All values were presented as Mean ± S.E.M. The level of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were highly diminished in the diabetic rats compared with normal group. L-Norvaline alone showed no significant improvement in those enzymes parameters except in reduced glutathione (P<0.05). L-Norvaline both at higher dose and lower dose along with alpha-tocopherol showed significant improvement in the level of antioxidant enzymes as compared with diabetic group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). Treated groups also showed a significant decrease in the level of malondialdehyde as compared to diabetic group (P<0.01, P<0.001). Standard drug, Sildenafil showed no improvement in any parameters after 30 days. The present can be concluded by establishing the fact that LNorvaline and Alpha-tocopherol could be a good combination in scavenging free radicals in testes due to streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia in male Wistar rats.
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic degenerative disorder with alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin homeostasis
Our present study aimed to find out the role of L-Norvaline alone and its combination with alpha-tocopherol in combating oxidative stress and improving the testicular status in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats
The administration of natural antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol was introduced with L-Norvaline to counteract this effect
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic degenerative disorder with alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin homeostasis. The Massachusetts Male Aging Study considered diabetes and aging as the most prominent initiator of erectile dysfunction [2]. The incidence of erectile dysfunction is increased by three folds in diabetic male populations rather than in normal population [3]. About 35% to 78% of diabetic males suffer from sexual dysfunction depending upon the status of metabolic condition and age [4]. Diabetic patients with improper glycemic status, chronically affects the testicular architecture and penile smooth muscle due to disruption in endothelial architecture and formation of excessive free radicals [5]. The conflict arises in the fact that which type of diabetes is responsible for this testicular impairment. The loss of control over nervous and endocrine function affects the steroidogenesis and penile erectility in males
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