L’improbable autonomie de la criminologie : un détour historique et méthodologique

Dan Kaminski

doi:10.15175/1984-2503-20179201-pt

Abstract

The shaping of the history of a scientific discipline – in this case, criminology – is useful both for memory purposes and the modern-day positioning of its protagonists. Efforts to such effects in a field therefore often make noble use of “great authors” and their leading publications or the “great moments” of rupture, which are often proclaimed rather than effective, and with which I have engaged in the first section of this article. Such materials are of prime importance; however they often contribute to the building of a “mundane” history prioritizing a representation of science that is heroic (emphasizing the leading names to have made decisive contributions to the evolution of science) or paradigmatic (organizing history in terms of a succession of greater scientific events demonstrating an indisputable evolution). Rather than challenging the significance of these two ways of shaping and retelling history, in the second section of the article I present an alternative method and the results produced. Despite those who would contest the scientific basis for this method, it allows us to go beyond the linear and cumulative reconstructions according to which “the timeline of the history of ideas is merely the development of acquisitions”. If we rely on paradoxical positivist pre-requisites, it also allows us to test the scientific autonomy of the trajectory of criminology.

Highlights

L’improbable autonomie de la criminologie : un détour historique et méthodologique Résumé Procéder à l’histoire d’une discipline scientifique – en l’occurrence la criminologie – est une tâche utile à la mémoire et aussi au positionnement de ses protagonistes dans le présent
If we rely on paradoxical positivist pre-requisites, it allows us to test the scientific autonomy of the trajectory of criminology
KAMINSKI, Dan. Passer les titres en revue : contribution à l’histoire de Criminologie

Summary

Do crime à penalidade

Hagan adota em 1987 uma perspectiva decididamente política para definir a criminologia: ela se define diferentemente segundo o motivo que subentende o interesse social pelo crime e as práticas de pesquisa no domínio criminológico.[17] No centro de tal definição, aparece a representação da criminologia como campo de estudo em constante modificação. Em uma sociedade que avança orgulhosamente na era do capitalismo desorganizado e que tateia no labirinto de suas crises ou de suas mutações políticas e sociais, a penalidade se posiciona de maneira renovada no final do século XX, à disposição dos modos de governo e de regulação social. Tratar-se-á, de qualquer maneira, de examinar os traços de uma improvável autonomia da criminologia na forma do seu discurso contínuo às rupturas não aparentes

Uma historiografia quantitativa As fontes e seus títulos

Uma história científica da ciência?

Modalidades de análise