Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the complex relationship between labour and the environment from the perspective of contemporary dynamics of class composition. Starting from the dramatic vicissitudes of Ilva in Taranto, what is proposed is a genealogy of the mainstream conception according to which employment and sustainability should be seen as elements of an ineluctable aut-aut: either the former, or the latter. Through a critique of the well-known environmentalist argument about the apparent incompatibility between economic growth and physical biospheric limits, such a conception is linked to the modifications of workers' subjectivity in the course of the great transformation occurred between the 1960s and the 1970s. Subsequently, a case study - the One Million Climate Jobs campaign in South Africa - is discussed to show how the sharp opposition between environment and labour can be overcome by a virtuous, synthetic configuration of the two poles, in this context aimed at eradicating chronic unemployment
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