Abstract
Phenotypic differences between Campylobacter fetus fetus and C. fetus venerealis subspecies allow the differential diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis. The hydrogen sulfide production, for example, is a trait exclusive to C. fetus fetus and C. fetus venerealis biovar intermedius. This gas that can be biochemically tested can be produced from L-cysteine (L-Cys). Herein, we report a novel multiplex-PCR to differentiate C. fetus based on the evaluation of a deletion of an ATP-binding cassette-type L-Cys transporter that could be involved in hydrogen sulfide production, as previously described. A wet lab approach combined with an in silico whole genome data analysis showed complete agreement between this L-Cys transporter-PCR and the hydrogen sulfide production biochemical test. This multiplex-PCR may complement the tests currently employed for the differential diagnosis of C. fetus.
Highlights
Campylobacter fetus is best known as a major veterinary pathogen that has a detrimental effect on reproductive efficiency of herds
L-Cys transporter-PCR: wet-lab assay The multiplexed PCR-based approach designed produced a differential band pattern between the C. fetus isolates with distinct H2S-biochemical test results (Fig. 1B)
Biochemical tests including tolerance to glycine and H2S production are currently recommended by the Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (2018) for C. fetus subspecies differentiation and are still employed in laboratories around the world
Summary
Campylobacter fetus is best known as a major veterinary pathogen that has a detrimental effect on reproductive efficiency of herds. In humans, this bacterium can cause intestinal illness and, occasionally, severe systemic infections and the products from cattle and sheep are suspected as sources of transmission (Wagenaar et al, 2014). The classification of C. fetus subspecies relies on clinical features, host specificity, and phenotypic traits. Despite technical limitations and variable success, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production as well as tolerance to glycine and NaCl, selenite reduction and resistance to antibiotics are the available biochemical tests currently employed as differential diagnosis of C. fetus (OIE, 2018; Schulze et al, 2006). The subspecies C. fetus venerealis (Cfv) is restricted to the
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